Cut-away of a 19th century blast furnace, by artist Richard Schlecht.

Cut-away of a 19th century blast furnace, by artist Richard Schlecht. Courtesy of the National Park Service, HFC Commissioned Art Collection.

Baltimore Iron Works

Operating for nearly 70 years, the ironworks began with a mix of paid, enslaved, and transported convict workers, but transitioned to an entirely enslaved workforce.
Designs from a 1795 book on mill construction by American inventor Oliver Evans. The Ellicotts, a Quaker family in Baltimore who owned the Ellicott Mills, and George Washington were early adopters of his innovations and hired him to mechanize their flour mills.

Designs from a 1795 book on mill construction by American inventor Oliver Evans. The Ellicotts, a Quaker family in Baltimore who owned the Ellicott Mills, and George Washington were early adopters of his innovations and hired him to mechanize their flour mills. Courtesy of the Library of Congress.

Grist Mills

The Carroll’s built two grist mills, likely with enslaved laborers, that operated for more than 150 years.
Detail from the brickyards at Mount Clare from the 1869 E. Sachse & Co. bird’s-eye view of Baltimore map. The house is in the fenced enclosure at the top center.

Detail from the brickyards at Mount Clare from the 1869 E. Sachse & Co. bird’s-eye view of Baltimore map. The house is in the fenced enclosure at the top center. Courtesy of the Library of Congress.

Brick Works

Mount Clare fields were leased for nearly 50 years and produced 85 million bricks, likely by an enslaved workforce.